VAT Calculator
Enter an amount and a VAT rate. Add VAT to a net price, or work backward from a VAT-inclusive total to the net amount and the tax.
| VAT amount | — |
| Net price | — |
Adding and removing VAT
Gross = Net × (1 + rate) · Net = Gross ÷ (1 + rate)
At 20% VAT, a 200 net price becomes 240 gross. The reverse trips everyone: extracting VAT from 240 means dividing by 1.20 (→ 200), not subtracting 20% of 240 (which would wrongly give 192). Freelancers doing invoices and expense reports live in the second formula.
Standard VAT rates in common countries (2026)
| Country | Standard rate |
|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 20% |
| Germany | 19% |
| France / Austria | 20% |
| Ireland | 23% |
| Saudi Arabia | 15% |
| UAE | 5% |
| Japan (consumption tax) | 10% |
Most countries also run reduced rates for food, books, and medicine — check the local authority for category rates. The US uses sales tax instead of VAT; for that, use the sales tax calculator.
Frequently asked questions
How do I add 20% VAT to a price?
Multiply by 1.20. A net price of 200 becomes 240 gross. The VAT portion is net × 0.20 = 40.
How do I remove VAT from a total?
Divide the gross by (1 + rate). At 20%: 240 ÷ 1.20 = 200 net, so VAT was 40. Subtracting 20% of the gross gives the wrong answer.
What is the difference between VAT and sales tax?
VAT is collected at every stage of the supply chain and shown within display prices in most countries; US sales tax is charged once at retail and added at the register. The consumer math for extracting either from a total is the same division.
What items are VAT-exempt or reduced?
Varies by country: commonly basic food, medicine, books, and children’s clothing get reduced or zero rates. Businesses below a turnover threshold may not charge VAT at all.
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Last updated: 2026-07-08